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engl-2311-blog/glossary.md

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Glossary

  • Linux: An open-source family of operating systems
    • Linux distro (distribution): One of the operating systems in the Linux family (i.e. using the Linux kernel)
  • OCI: Open Container Initiative; a project for open-source standardization of containers
  • Containers: An isolated environment to run programs, great for avoiding conflicting dependencies and for ease-of-use
  • Container image: The base filesystem of a container
    • OCI image: The OCI's standard for container images, used by essentially all Linux container platforms
  • AUR: Arch User Repository, a repository for Arch Linux packages which are maintained by users. AUR only hosts computer-readable instructions and related files (via PKGBUILD files) for creating the packages, not the packages or programs themselves
  • Filesystem: The system which keeps track of how data is written to disk, like NTFS, FAT32, or ext4. Some filesystems, like ZFS or btrfs, have extra features like redundancy or compression.alt text
  • Git: The most common version control system by far - keeps track of different versions of files, can be used to resolve conflicting changes, etc.
    • Forking: Copying a Git repository and adding your own stuff to it. Can be simply to contribute the changes back to the upstream project later, or to use something as a base for your own project.
  • Repository: Usually refers to either a Git repository (i.e. a Git project), or a server hosting packages to be installed by a package manager.
  • GUI toolkit: A set of programs used for making graphical interfaces
    • Qt: A GUI toolkit with an appearance similar to normal Windows interfaces; pronounced "cute"
    • GTK: A more (literally) rounded GUI toolkit, hated by some for its programs usually having highly excessive whitespace and poor design (though there are some exceptions)
  • Window manager: The program which keeps track of and determines where each program's window(s) go.
  • Desktop Environment: A window manager, programs, and configurations, all wrapped up into a bundle, providing a comprehensive desktop.
    • GNOME: A popular GTK-based extensible desktop environment.
  • Virtual machine: A virtual computer.
  • Partition: A part of a disk. For example, modern computers have a small boot partition and a big partition holding all the actual data.
  • GParted: GNOME's partition manager - and my favorite partition manager.
  • sudo: Super user do; runs a command as root, Linux's admin account.
  • Tarball: An archive of data, preserving its file and directory structure. Not compressed, though its tools come with options to compress it after generation.
  • apt: The package manager for Debian-based Linux distros.
  • blendOS: "Arch Linux, made declarative, immutable and atomic."
    • Akshara: blendOS's system rebuilder