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35
.vscode/settings.json
vendored
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35
.vscode/settings.json
vendored
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{
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"sqltools.connections": [
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{
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"mssqlOptions": {
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"appName": "SQLTools",
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"useUTC": true,
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"encrypt": true
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},
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"previewLimit": 50,
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"server": "127.0.0.1",
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"port": 1433,
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"driver": "MSSQL",
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"name": "server (AP)",
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"database": "AP",
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"username": "ben",
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"connectionTimeout": 3,
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"password": "pass"
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},
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{
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"mssqlOptions": {
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"appName": "SQLTools",
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"useUTC": true,
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"encrypt": true
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},
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"previewLimit": 50,
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"server": "localhost",
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"port": 1433,
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"driver": "MSSQL",
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"name": "server (WideWorldImporters)",
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"database": "WideWorldImporters",
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"username": "ben",
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"password": "pass"
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}
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]
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}
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95
instructions/database-programming/lab-1.md
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95
instructions/database-programming/lab-1.md
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# Lab 1
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This lab has you practice simple queries against tables with filtering and ordering. Write the SQL queries that properly answer each scenario.
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For each scenario include the following in your answer:
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- The SQL query (properly formatted)
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- The number of rows returned by the query
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*Note: DO NOT hard code any primary key IDs in your queries.*
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This lab uses the `WideWorldImporters` database.
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## Scenario 1
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Select the `SupplierName`, `WebsiteURL`, `DeliveryAddressLine1`, `DeliveryAddressLine2` and `DeliveryPostalCode` columns from the `Purchasing.Suppliers` table.
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Rows: 13
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## Scenario 2
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Select the `StateProvinceName`, `SalesTerritory`, and `CountryID` from the `Application.StateProvinces` table.
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Include only the rows where `SalesTerritory` is `Southeast`.
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Order the rows by `StateProvinceName`.
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Rows: 12
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## Scenario 3
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Select the `CustomerID`, `TransactionDate` and `TransactionAmount` from the `Sales.CustomerTransactions` table.
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Include only the rows where `TransactionAmount` is less than zero and `TransactionDate` is in the year 2015.
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Order the rows by `TransactionDate` descending and then by `TransactionAmount` ascending.
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Rows: 8635
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## Scenario 4
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Select the `CountryName`, `Continent`, `Region`, `Subregion` from the `Application.Countries` table.
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Include only the rows where `LatestRecordedPopulation` is greater than 1 million people and `Continent` is not `Oceania`.
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Order the rows by `CountryName`, `Continent`, `Region` and then `Subregion`.
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Rows: 147
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## Scenario 5
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Select the `StockItemName`, `RecommendedRetailPrice` and `Tags` from the `Warehouse.StockItems` table.
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Include only the rows where `IsChillerStock` is true and `StockItemName` begins with `USB`.
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Order the rows by `StockItemName`.
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Only return the first 10 rows.
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Rows: 10
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## Scenario 6
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Select the `InvoiceId`, `InvoiceDate` and `CustomerName` from the `Sales.Invoices` and `Sales.Customers` tables.
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Include only the invoices from `1/1/2016' to '3/1/2016' and customers that do not have`Toys` in the name.
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Order the rows by `CustomerName` and then by `InvoiceDate`.
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Rows: 1382
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*Note: Return `CustomerName`, not `CustomerId`.
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## Scenario 7*
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Select the `ColorName` columns from the `Warehouse.Colors` table that are not being used in the `Warehouse.StockItems` table.
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The `Warehouse.StockItems.ColorId` column contains the `Warehouse.Colors.ColorId` value.
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Order by `ColorName`.
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Rows: 29
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## Scenario 8
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Select the `CityName`, `StateProvinceName` and `StateProvinceCode` from the `Application.Cities` table.
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Include only the cities that begin with the letter `A` from states that are in the `Southeast` sales territory.
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Order the rows by `StateProvinceName` descending and then by `CityName`.
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Rows: 376
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## Scenario 9
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Select the `CustomerId` (as `Id`) and `CustomerName` (as `Name`) columns from the `Sales.Customers` table combined with the `SupplierId` and `SupplierName` columns from the `Purchasing.Suppliers` table.
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Include a `Type` column that is set to `Customer` for customer rows and `Supplier` for supplier rows.
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Order the resulting data by the type and then by customer/supplier name.
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Rows: 676
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*Note: The resultset will have only 3 columns (`Type`, `Id` and `Name`).*
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## Scenario 10
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Select the `CityName`, `StateProvinceName`, `CountryName` and `SalesTerritory` from the `Application.Cities`, `Application.StateOrProvinces` and `Application.Countries` tables.
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Include only the rows that are for the `SalesTerritory` with values of `Southeast` or `Southwest`.
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Order the rows by `StateProvinceName` and then by `CityName`.
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Rows: 13341
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105
notes/database-prog/sql-scripts/2024-01-24.sql
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105
notes/database-prog/sql-scripts/2024-01-24.sql
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-- T-SQL
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-- Keywords - UPPERCASE, Tables/Columns/etc - PascalCase, everything else - doesn't matter
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-- Comments with double-hyphen
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USE AP
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GO
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SELECT VendorID, VendorName, LEFT(VendorName, 10) VendorShortName,
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VendorAddress1, VendorAddress2, VendorCity
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FROM Vendors
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-- batch run everything before it
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-- GO 2
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SELECT *
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FROM Terms
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SELECT InvoiceID, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceTotal, PaymentTotal, CreditTotal,
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CASE PaymentTotal
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WHEN InvoiceTotal THEN 1
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ELSE 0
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END IsPaidFull
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FROM Invoices
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-- includes credit
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SELECT InvoiceID, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceTotal, PaymentTotal, CreditTotal, InvoiceTotal - CreditTotal PaidTotal,
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CASE PaymentTotal
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WHEN InvoiceTotal - CreditTotal THEN 1
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ELSE 0
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END IsPaidFull
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FROM Invoices
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-- better
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SELECT TOP 500
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InvoiceID, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceTotal, PaymentTotal, CreditTotal, InvoiceTotal - CreditTotal PaidTotal,
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CASE WHEN PaymentTotal = InvoiceTotal - CreditTotal THEN 1
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ELSE 0
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END IsPaidFull
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FROM Invoices
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ORDER BY VendorID, InvoiceDueDate
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SELECT TOP 50 InvoiceID, VendorID FROM Invoices
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ORDER BY VendorID
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-- 2024-01-29
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-- paging
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-- skip first offset rows, return next fetch rows
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SELECT InvoiceID, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceDueDate
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FROM Invoices
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ORDER BY InvoiceDueDate
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OFFSET 110 ROWS
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FETCH NEXT 10 ROWS ONLY
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-- Filtering
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-- just return what you need, instead of filtering in the application
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SELECT InvoiceID, VendorID, InvoiceDueDate, InvoiceTotal
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FROM Invoices
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-- Note that equality is a single equals sign
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WHERE InvoiceTotal >= 1000 OR VendorID = 110
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ORDER BY VendorID, InvoiceDueDate
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SELECT VendorID, VendorName, VendorCity, VendorState
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FROM Vendors
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-- Note strings use apostrephes, not quotation marks
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-- Keep in mind *there is no short-circuit evaluation*, so this will run every single thing and it's messy and slow
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--WHERE VendorState = 'CA' OR VendorState = 'AZ' OR VendorState = 'OH' OR VendorState = 'NY'
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-- Instead, use IN
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WHERE VendorState IN ('CA', 'AZ', 'OH', 'NY')
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ORDER BY VendorName
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SELECT InvoiceID, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceTotal
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FROM Invoices
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--WHERE InvoiceTotal >= 100 AND InvoiceTotal <= 500
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--less typing and more optimized
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--keep in mind it's an inclusive between, not exclusive
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WHERE InvoiceTotal BETWEEN 100 AND 500
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ORDER BY InvoiceDueDate
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-- Haven't paid
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-- if either VendorAddress1 or VendorAddress2 are `NULL`, then the concatenation will just be `NULL`
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-- so this filters out all the nulls
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-- (note that the VendorAddress1 one isn't actually needed because the dataset doesn't contain any that has VendorAddress1 as `NULL` but VendorAddress2 defined)
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SELECT VendorID, VendorName, VendorAddress1, VendorAddress2, VendorAddress1 + ' ' + VendorAddress2 FROM Vendors
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WHERE VendorAddress1 IS NOT NULL AND VendorAddress2 IS NOT NULL
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-- or ISNULL to just return a string instead of NULL
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SELECT VendorID, VendorName, VendorAddress1, VendorAddress2, ISNULL(VendorAddress1, '') + ' ' + ISNULL(VendorAddress2, '') FROM Vendors
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-- or COALESCE
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SELECT VendorID, VendorName, VendorAddress1, VendorAddress2, COALESCE(VendorAddress1, '') + ' ' + COALESCE(VendorAddress2, '') FROM Vendors
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-- All vendors with PO Boxes
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SELECT VendorID, VendorName, VendorAddress1, VendorAddress2 FROM Vendors
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-- '%PO BOX%' is equivalent to '.*PO BOX.*' in regex
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WHERE VendorAddress1 LIKE '%PO BOX%' OR VendorAddress2 LIKE '%PO BOX%'
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-- Get current date
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--SELECT GETDATE(), GET UTCDATE()
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-- Get all invoices for January
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SELECT InvoiceId, InvoiceNumber, InvoiceDueDate FROM Invoices
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WHERE MONTH(InvoiceDueDate) = 1
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--WHERE DAY(InvoiceDueDate) IN (30, 31)
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-- Get all invoices for 2019
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--WHERE YEAR(InvoiceDeDate) = 2019
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-- More efficient version, also more flexible, but longer
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--WHERE InvoiceDueDate BETWEEN '1/1/2019' AND '12/31/2019'
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19
notes/database-prog/sql-scripts/2024-01-31.sql
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19
notes/database-prog/sql-scripts/2024-01-31.sql
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-- #### Start of class stuff ####
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-- Get the InvoiceId, InvoiceTotal, and InvoiceDueDate for all invoices for vendor 110
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SELECT InvoiceId, InvoiceTotal, InvoiceDueDate
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FROM Invoices
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WHERE VendorID = 110
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-- Get the latest 10 invoices for vendor 123: InvoiceId, InvoiceDueDate, InvoiceTotal
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SELECT TOP 10 InvoiceId, InvoiceTotal, InvoiceDueDate
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FROM Invoices
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WHERE VendorID = 123
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ORDER BY InvoiceDueDate DESC
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-- Get the InvoiceId, VendorId, InvoiceDueDate, and InvoiceTotal for all invoices due between 1/1/2020 and 1/31/2020
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SELECT InvoiceId, VendorId, InvoiceDueDate, InvoiceTotal
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FROM Invoices
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WHERE InvoiceDueDate BETWEEN '1/1/2020' AND '1/31/2020'
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-- ######################################################################## --
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44
notes/database-prog/syntax.md
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44
notes/database-prog/syntax.md
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# SQL Syntax
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## Keywords
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`|`: Use for designating different things that can be used as arguments for the keywords
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`( )`: Optional keywords
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`[ ]`: Used for values, like integers, or column or table names.
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| Keyword | Explanation | Example |
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| ------- | ----------- | ------- |
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| `USE` | Specify the database to be used | `USE WideWorldImporters` |
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| `SELECT {ColumnID \| *}` | selects the column to return (or can use wildcard `*`) | `SELECT ProductID FROM Products` |
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| `FROM` | specify the thing to be selected from |
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| `GO {count}` | Runs everything before it `count` times minus 1 | `GO 5` (runs everything before it 4 more times) |
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| `TOP {n} (PERCENT - optional)` | Returns the top *n* (or *n*%) results - must be an integer . Order is undefined, but in most implementations is listed in the order they were inserted - NOT guaranteed behavior, just how most implementations use it. | `SELECT TOP 10 PERCENT VendorName FROM Vendors` |
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| `ORDER BY {column1, column2 (1 required, can use infinitely many)}` | Orders by some column (alphanumerically sorted, letters first); `TOP` is useless without this | `SELECT TOP 50 InvoiceID, VendorID FROM Invoices ORDER BY VendorID` |
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| `DISTINCT` | Goes before the column names (and before TOP in MS SQL server, at least); removes rows with duplicate values | `SELECT DISTINCT VendorName FROM Invoices` |
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<!-- Needs to be redone into more detailed sub-headings -->
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## `CASE`/`WHEN`/`THEN`/`ELSE`/`END`
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## Other syntax
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- Brackets `[ ]`: Delineates that something is a table, usually not needed but allows for stuff like using keywords as table names.
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## Other notes
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- `SELECT * FROM Table`: Shouldn't be used normally, only in learning or if you're not sure what you need yet.
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- Bad because: it's requests every column of data in the table, and that's rarely needed, wasting time and resources.
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- Most database systems will just skip all qury optimizations if you do this, wasting even more time and resources.
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- Column ordering is undefined - the columns could be returned in any random order.
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- Should usually do one keyword per line, except for simple stuff like `SELECT ColumnID FROM Table`
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- Column aliases: Useful for:
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- Multi-table connections and for "renaming" columns
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- Making it more convenient to use (e.g. `Person` -> `Name` as an alias of `Person` -> `PersonName`)
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- To name an unnamed column (e.g. `SELECT LEFT(VendorName, 10) VendorShortName FROM Vendors`)
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## No
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Don't:
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- Put spaces in a table's name (why would you???)
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- Use `SELECT * FROM Table`
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0
notes/fund-prog-3/2024-01-24.md
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0
notes/fund-prog-3/2024-01-24.md
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51
notes/fund-prog-3/some-sorts-2024-01-31.md
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51
notes/fund-prog-3/some-sorts-2024-01-31.md
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# Some sorts
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In pseudocode, but python syntax highlighting fits decently so that's what I'm using.
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## Insertion sort (for shell sort)
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```py
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InsertionSortForShell(array, start, gap)
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for i = start + gap to len(array) - 1 # inclusive
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j = i
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while (j - gap >= start) and (array[j] < array[j - gap])
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swap(array[j], array[j - gap])
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j = j - gap
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```
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## Shell sort
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```py
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ShellSort(array, gapList)
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for gap in gapList
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for i = = 0 to gap - 1
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InsertionSortForShell(array, i, gap)
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```
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## Hibbard
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2<sup>k</sup> - 1 where k is 1 to p where └ k<sup>p</sup> ┐ = N
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## Pratt
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For a Z-tuples for (0, 0) -> (k, k) create all the cartesian pairs
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```txt
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(0, 0), (0, 1), (0, 2), ..., (0, k)
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(1, 0), (1, 1), (1, 2), ..., (1, k)
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(2, 0), (2, 1), (2, 2), ..., (2, k)
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...
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(k, 0), (k, 1), (k, 2), ..., (k, k)
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```
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## Naive gap values
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N/2<sup>k</sup>, k = 1 to p where N/2<sup>p</sup> => 1
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```py
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for i, j in S
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value = 2<sup>i</sup> * 3<sup>j</sup>
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gapList.append(value)
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sort(gapList)
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gapValues[0 ... N]
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```
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